Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 7
If the sentence continues after the speech, the spoken words end with a comma, not a full stop: "Hello," said Sam.
Who acts: sentence, spoken words, Sam · What happens: continue, speak, end, say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sentence, spoken words, Sam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 4 continues | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 sentence | det |
| 3 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 continues | nsubj |
| 4 | continues | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 end | advcl |
| 5 | after | after | ADP | _ | 7 speech | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 speech | det |
| 7 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 continues | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 continues | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 words | det |
| 10 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 words | amod |
| 11 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 end | nsubj |
| 12 | end | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 comma | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 comma | det |
| 15 | comma | comma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 end | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 stop | punct |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 stop | advmod |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 stop | det |
| 19 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 stop | amod |
| 20 | stop | stop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 comma | appos |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 end | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 Hello | punct |
| 23 | Hello | hello | INTJ | _ | 26 said | discourse |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 said | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 said | punct |
| 26 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 end | parataxis |
| 27 | Sam | Sam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 said | nsubj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 said | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | continue a condition, not said to happen | present | the sentence | after the speech | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | participle | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | end | present | the spoken words | with a comma | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector with comma=Subeventuality | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Sam | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/7/