Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 8
Questions and exclamations in speech keep their ? or ! inside the marks: "Where are you going?" asked Mum.
Who acts: Questions, you, Mum, exclamations · What happens: keep, go, ask, mark · To what, where: marks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Questions, you, Mum, exclamations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Questions | question | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 keep | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 exclamations | cc |
| 3 | exclamations | exclamation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Questions | conj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 speech | case |
| 5 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Questions | nmod |
| 6 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 marks | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 9 or | punct |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 marks | cc |
| 10 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 9 or | punct |
| 11 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 13 marks | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 marks | det |
| 13 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 keep | obl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 asked | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 going | punct |
| 16 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 19 going | advmod |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 going | aux |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 going | nsubj |
| 19 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 asked | ccomp |
| 20 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 19 going | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 going | punct |
| 22 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 keep | parataxis |
| 23 | Mum | mum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 asked | nsubj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | infinitive | Questions in speech and exclamations | exclamations's marks | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent inside mark=Location | ||||
| 2 | go in a quote | present · progressive | you | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | Mum | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | mark | exclamations = exclamation | nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/8/