Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together, sentence 1
Many teachers use TiPToP to know when to start a new paragraph: a change of Time, Place, Topic or Person; a Year 3 story written as one giant block is like a lunchbox with everything mashed together.
Who acts: Many teachers, Year story, Time · What happens: use, know, start, write, be, mash · To what, where: TiPToP, new paragraph, Year story
This is a sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many teachers, Year story, Time), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 teachers | amod |
| 2 | teachers | teacher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 use | nsubj |
| 3 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | TiPToP | TiPToP | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 use | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 know | mark |
| 6 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 use | advcl |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 start | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 start | mark |
| 9 | start | start | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 know | xcomp |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 paragraph | det |
| 11 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 paragraph | amod |
| 12 | paragraph | paragraph | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 start | obj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 change | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 change | det |
| 15 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 paragraph | appos |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Time | case |
| 17 | Time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 change | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Place | punct |
| 19 | Place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Time | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Topic | punct |
| 21 | Topic | topic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Time | conj |
| 22 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 Person | cc |
| 23 | Person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Time | conj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 lunchbox | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 story | det |
| 26 | Year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 story | compound |
| 27 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 Year | flat |
| 28 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lunchbox | nsubj |
| 29 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 story | acl |
| 30 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 block | case |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 33 block | nummod |
| 32 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 block | amod |
| 33 | block | block | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 written | obl |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 lunchbox | cop |
| 35 | like | like | ADP | _ | 37 lunchbox | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 lunchbox | det |
| 37 | lunchbox | lunchbox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 use | parataxis |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 everything | case |
| 39 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 37 lunchbox | nmod |
| 40 | mashed | mash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 everything | acl |
| 41 | together | together | ADV | _ | 40 mashed | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 use | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Many teachers | TiPToP | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tiptop=Patient | ||||
| 2 | know | to-infinitive | Many teachers not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | start | to-infinitive | Many teachers not said here | a new paragraph | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paragraph=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | write | participle | a Year story not said here | as one giant block | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as block=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | is | present | a Year story | like a lunchbox; with everything | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | mash | participle | together property | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 7 | change | Time and Place and Topic or Person | nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/1/