Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together, sentence 4
In information texts, headings such as "Habitat", "Diet" and "Life cycle" and signposts such as "Firstly", "Secondly" and "Finally" act like signs in a big shop that tell you which aisle you are in.
Who acts: headings, big shop · What happens: act, tell · To what, where: information texts, aisle, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (headings, big shop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 texts | case |
| 2 | information | information | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 texts | compound |
| 3 | texts | text | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 act | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 headings | punct |
| 5 | headings | heading | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 act | nsubj |
| 6 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 9 Habitat | case |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 6 such | fixed |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Habitat | punct |
| 9 | Habitat | habitat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 headings | nmod |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Habitat | punct |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Diet | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 Diet | punct |
| 13 | Diet | diet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Habitat | conj |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 Diet | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 cycle | cc |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 cycle | punct |
| 17 | Life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cycle | compound |
| 18 | cycle | cycle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Habitat | conj |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 cycle | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 signposts | cc |
| 21 | signposts | signpost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 headings | conj |
| 22 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 signposts | amod |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 such | fixed |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 Firstly | punct |
| 25 | Firstly | firstly | ADV | _ | 22 such | advmod |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 Firstly | punct |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 Secondly | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 Secondly | punct |
| 29 | Secondly | secondly | ADV | _ | 25 Firstly | conj |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 Secondly | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 act | cc |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 Finally | punct |
| 33 | Finally | finally | ADV | _ | 25 Firstly | advmod |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 Finally | punct |
| 35 | act | act | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 36 | like | like | ADP | _ | 37 signs | case |
| 37 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 act | obl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 shop | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 shop | det |
| 40 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 shop | amod |
| 41 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 signs | nmod |
| 42 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 tell | nsubj |
| 43 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 shop | acl:relcl |
| 44 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 43 tell | iobj |
| 45 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 46 aisle | det |
| 46 | aisle | aisle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 tell | obj |
| 47 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 49 in | nsubj |
| 48 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 in | cop |
| 49 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 aisle | acl:relcl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 act | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | act | present | headings such Habitat and Diet and Life cycle and signposts | information texts | like signs in a big shop | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent like sign=Attribute | |||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | present | a big shop | which aisle | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient aisle=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/4/