Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together, sentence 3
"Then... then... then..." is weak glue: it only says "next" and soon sounds like a shopping list; "After lunch", "Suddenly" or "By the time we got home" also tell the reader when and how.
Who acts: glue, we, reader · What happens: be, say, sound, get, tell · To what, where: weak glue, next, time · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glue, we, reader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 glue | punct |
| 2 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 glue | advmod |
| 3 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 2 Then | punct |
| 4 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 then | advmod |
| 5 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 4 then | punct |
| 6 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 glue | advmod |
| 7 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 6 then | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 then | punct |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 glue | cop |
| 10 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 glue | amod |
| 11 | glue | glue | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 says | punct |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 says | nsubj |
| 14 | only | only | ADV | _ | 15 says | advmod |
| 15 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 glue | parataxis |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 next | punct |
| 17 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 says | obj |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 next | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 says | cc |
| 20 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 21 sounds | advmod |
| 21 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 says | conj |
| 22 | like | like | ADP | _ | 25 list | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 list | det |
| 24 | shopping | shopping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 list | compound |
| 25 | list | list | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sounds | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 glue | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 lunch | punct |
| 28 | After | after | ADP | _ | 29 lunch | case |
| 29 | lunch | lunch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 glue | nmod |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 lunch | punct |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 tell | punct |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 Suddenly | punct |
| 33 | Suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 45 tell | advmod |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 Suddenly | punct |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 45 tell | cc |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 tell | punct |
| 37 | By | by | ADP | _ | 39 time | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 time | det |
| 39 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 tell | obl |
| 40 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 got | nsubj |
| 41 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 time | acl:relcl |
| 42 | home | home | ADV | _ | 41 got | advmod |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 time | punct |
| 44 | also | also | ADV | _ | 45 tell | advmod |
| 45 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 glue | conj |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 reader | det |
| 47 | reader | reader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 tell | obj |
| 48 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 45 tell | advmod |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 how | cc |
| 50 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 48 when | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 glue | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- evaluate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=evaluate, polarity=neg, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | weak glue | after lunch; then; then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | glue | next | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent next=Topic | ||||
| 3 | sound | present | glue not said here | like a shopping list; soon property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | get in a quote | past | we | the time not said here | home property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer time=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | infinitive | the reader | time | suddenly property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/3/