Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 11
In parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire "the" is shortened to t' ("Put t'kettle on").
What happens: shorten, put on · To what, where: the, parts, t'kettle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 parts | case |
| 2 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 shortened | obl |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Yorkshire | case |
| 4 | Yorkshire | Yorkshire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 parts | nmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 Lancashire | cc |
| 6 | Lancashire | Lancashire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Yorkshire | conj |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 the | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 shortened | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 shortened | punct |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 shortened | aux:pass |
| 11 | shortened | shorten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 t | case |
| 13 | t | t | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 shortened | obl |
| 14 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 11 shortened | punct |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 Put | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 Put | punct |
| 17 | Put | put | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 13 t | ccomp |
| 18 | t'kettle | t'kettle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Put | obj |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 Put | compound:prt |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 Put | punct |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 Put | punct |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 shortened | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shorten | present · passive | the | parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire | to t | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | put on in a quote | infinitive | t'kettle | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent t'kettle=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/11/