Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 15

Code-switching means changing how you speak or write depending on who you are with and why.

Who acts: Code switching, you · What happens: means, change, speak, write, depend, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Code switching, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Code	code	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 switching	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Code	punct
3	switching	switch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
4	means	means	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 means	xcomp
6	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	8 speak	advmod
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 speak	nsubj
8	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 changing	ccomp
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 write	cc
10	write	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 speak	conj
11	depending	depend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 speak	advcl
12	on	on	ADP	_	18 why	case
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 why	nsubj
14	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 why	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 why	cop
16	with	with	ADP	_	18 why	case
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 why	cc
18	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	11 depending	advmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	means	present	Code switching		tree rules
2	change	gerund	Code switching not said here		tree rules
3	speak speech: other	present	you		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	write	present	you not said here		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	depend	gerund	you not said here		vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
6	is	present		why property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/15/