Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 16
SATs grammar questions in England ask for Standard English, so pupils need to know the standard forms as well as their home forms.
Who acts: SATs grammar questions, pupils · What happens: ask, need, know, form · To what, where: standard forms
This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (SATs grammar questions, pupils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SATs | sat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 questions | compound |
| 2 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 questions | compound |
| 3 | questions | question | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 ask | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 England | case |
| 5 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 questions | nmod |
| 6 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 English | case |
| 8 | Standard | Standard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 English | compound |
| 9 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 ask | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 need | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 need | advmod |
| 12 | pupils | pupil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 need | nsubj |
| 13 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 ask | ccomp |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 know | mark |
| 15 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 need | xcomp |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 forms | det |
| 17 | standard | standard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 forms | amod |
| 18 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 know | obj |
| 19 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=ADV | 15 know | advmod |
| 20 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 19 as | fixed |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 forms | case |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 forms | nmod:poss |
| 23 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 forms | compound |
| 24 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 forms | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 ask | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | present | SATs grammar questions in England | for Standard English | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | need | present | pupils | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | know not said to happen | to-infinitive | pupils not said here | the standard forms and pupils's home forms | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer form=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | form | pupils = pupil | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/16/