Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 17
Laughing at someone's dialect is unkind and also wrong about language: every variety of English has grammar.
Who acts: Laughing, variety · What happens: laugh, be, have · To what, where: dialect, grammar
This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Laughing, variety), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Laughing | laugh | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 unkind | csubj |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 dialect | case |
| 3 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 5 dialect | nmod:poss |
| 4 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 3 someone | case |
| 5 | dialect | dialect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Laughing | obl |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 unkind | cop |
| 7 | unkind | unkind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 wrong | cc |
| 9 | also | also | ADV | _ | 10 wrong | advmod |
| 10 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 unkind | conj |
| 11 | about | about | ADP | _ | 12 language | case |
| 12 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 wrong | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 unkind | punct |
| 14 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 variety | det |
| 15 | variety | variety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 has | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 English | case |
| 17 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 variety | nmod |
| 18 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 unkind | parataxis |
| 19 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 has | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 unkind | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | gerund | someone's dialect | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | Laughing | unkind property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | Laughing not said here | about language | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | have | present | every variety of English | grammar | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grammar=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/17/