Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 5
A dialect is a variety of a language with its own words and grammar, spoken by a group or in a place.
Who acts: dialect · What happens: be, speak, word · To what, where: variety, own words · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dialect), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 dialect | det |
| 2 | dialect | dialect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 variety | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 variety | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 variety | det |
| 5 | variety | variety | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 language | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 language | det |
| 8 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 variety | nmod |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 words | case |
| 10 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 words | nmod:poss |
| 11 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 words | amod |
| 12 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 language | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 grammar | cc |
| 14 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 words | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 spoken | punct |
| 16 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 words | acl |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 group | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 group | det |
| 19 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 spoken | obl |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 place | cc |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 place | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 place | det |
| 23 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 group | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 variety | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a dialect | a variety | of a language with dialect's own words and grammar | tree rules | |||
| 2 | speak speech: other | participle | dialect's own words and grammar not said here | by a group or a place | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | word | dialect | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/5/