Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 8

"We was", "I done it", "them books", "I seen it" and "I ain't got none" are common in many dialects; the Standard English forms are "we were", "I did it", "those books", "I saw it" and "I haven't got any".

Who acts: schools, words, I · What happens: done, book, see, not get, be · To what, where: dialect, none, many dialects, any · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (schools, words, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 was	punct
2	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 was	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 "	cop
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 was	punct
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 was	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 done	punct
7	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 done	nsubj
8	done	done	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 seen	advcl
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 done	obj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 done	punct
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 books	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 books	punct
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 books	nsubj
14	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 done	obl
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 books	punct
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 done	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 seen	punct
18	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 seen	nsubj
19	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	59 saw	advcl
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 seen	obj
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 seen	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 got	cc
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 got	punct
24	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	27 got	nsubj
25	ai	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 got	aux
26	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 got	advmod
27	got	get	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	31 common	advcl
28	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	27 got	obj
29	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 got	punct
30	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 common	cop
31	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 seen	conj
32	in	in	ADP	_	34 dialects	case
33	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 dialects	amod
34	dialects	dialect	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 common	obl
35	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 forms	punct
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 forms	det
37	Standard	Standard	PROPN	Number=Sing	39 forms	compound
38	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	37 Standard	flat
39	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 dialects	conj
40	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	44 "	cop
41	"	"	PUNCT	_	44 "	punct
42	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	43 were	nsubj
43	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	44 "	cop
44	"	"	PUNCT	_	34 dialects	punct
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 dialects	punct
46	"	"	PUNCT	_	48 did	punct
47	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	48 did	nsubj
48	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 common	advcl
49	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	48 did	obj
50	"	"	PUNCT	_	48 did	punct
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 books	punct
52	"	"	PUNCT	_	54 books	punct
53	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	54 books	det
54	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 seen	obl
55	"	"	PUNCT	_	54 books	punct
56	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 seen	punct
57	"	"	PUNCT	_	59 saw	punct
58	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	59 saw	nsubj
59	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
60	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	59 saw	obj
61	"	"	PUNCT	_	59 saw	punct
62	and	and	CCONJ	_	67 got	cc
63	"	"	PUNCT	_	67 got	punct
64	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	67 got	nsubj
65	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	67 got	aux
66	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	67 got	advmod
67	got	get	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	59 saw	ccomp
68	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	67 got	obj
69	"	"	PUNCT	_	67 got	punct
70	.	.	PUNCT	_	59 saw	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	done in a quote	present	schools = school	dialect			tree rules
2	book in a quote		words = word				tree rules
3	see in a quote	participle	schools = school	dialect		that books obl	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
4	not get in a quote	present · perfect	schools = school	none			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer none=Stimulus
5	is	present	I not said here		many dialects and the Standard forms	common property	tree rules
6	see in a quote	past	schools = school	dialect			tree rules
7	not get in a quote	present · perfect	schools = school	any			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer any=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×7, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×6. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/8/