Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 7
An accent is the way words sound; any dialect, including Standard English, can be spoken in any accent.
Who acts: accent, words · What happens: be, sound, speak · To what, where: way, dialect, accent · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (accent, words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 accent | det |
| 2 | accent | accent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 way | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 way | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 way | det |
| 5 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 spoken | parataxis |
| 6 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 sound | nsubj |
| 7 | sound | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 way | acl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 dialect | punct |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 dialect | det |
| 10 | dialect | dialect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 spoken | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 English | punct |
| 12 | including | include | ADP | _ | 14 English | case |
| 13 | Standard | Standard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 English | compound |
| 14 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 dialect | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 spoken | punct |
| 16 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 spoken | aux |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 spoken | aux:pass |
| 18 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 accent | case |
| 20 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 accent | det |
| 21 | accent | accent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 spoken | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 way | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a accent | the way | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | sound | present | words | the way not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | can · passive | any dialect include Standard English | any accent | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/7/