Describing: senses, showing and precise words, sentence 4
Strong verbs do the work of a weak verb plus an adverb: "walked slowly" becomes "trudged" or "crept", each with its own picture; and a fresh simile ("as quiet as a sock in a drawer") surprises, while "as quiet as a mouse" has been heard a million times.
Who acts: Strong verbs, fresh simile, weak verb · What happens: do, walk, become, trudge, creep, surprise · To what, where: work, each, quiet
This is a sentence of the lesson «Describing: senses, showing and precise words» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Strong verbs, fresh simile, weak verb), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 verbs | amod |
| 2 | verbs | verb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 do | nsubj |
| 3 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 work | det |
| 5 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 do | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 verb | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 verb | det |
| 8 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 verb | amod |
| 9 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 work | nmod |
| 10 | plus | plus | CCONJ | _ | 12 adverb | cc |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 adverb | det |
| 12 | adverb | adverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 verb | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 walked | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 walked | punct |
| 15 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 do | conj |
| 16 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 15 walked | advmod |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 walked | punct |
| 18 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 do | conj |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 trudged | punct |
| 20 | trudged | trudge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 becomes | xcomp |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 trudged | punct |
| 22 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 24 crept | cc |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 crept | punct |
| 24 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 trudged | conj |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 crept | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 each | punct |
| 27 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 crept | obl |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 picture | case |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 picture | nmod:poss |
| 30 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 picture | amod |
| 31 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 each | nmod |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 49 surprises | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 surprises | cc |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 simile | det |
| 35 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 simile | amod |
| 36 | simile | simile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 surprises | nsubj |
| 37 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 40 quiet | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 quiet | punct |
| 39 | as | as | ADV | _ | 40 quiet | advmod |
| 40 | quiet | quiet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 simile | appos |
| 41 | as | as | ADP | _ | 43 sock | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 sock | det |
| 43 | sock | sock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 quiet | obl |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 drawer | case |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 drawer | det |
| 46 | drawer | drawer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 sock | nmod |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 quiet | punct |
| 48 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 40 quiet | punct |
| 49 | surprises | surprise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 do | conj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 heard | punct |
| 51 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 61 heard | mark |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 54 quiet | punct |
| 53 | as | as | ADV | _ | 54 quiet | advmod |
| 54 | quiet | quiet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 55 | as | as | ADP | _ | 57 mouse | case |
| 56 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 mouse | det |
| 57 | mouse | mouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 quiet | obl |
| 58 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 54 quiet | punct |
| 59 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 heard | aux |
| 60 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 61 heard | aux:pass |
| 61 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 do | advcl |
| 62 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 63 million | det |
| 63 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 64 times | nummod |
| 64 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 heard | obl:unmarked |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 do | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | present | Strong verbs | the work of a weak verb plus a adverb | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | walk in a quote | past | Strong verbs not said here | slowly property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | become | present | Strong verbs not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | trudge in a quote | participle | Strong verbs not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | creep in a quote | past | Strong verbs not said here | each | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | surprise | present | a fresh simile | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | hear | present · perfect · passive | quiet | time | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | work | a weak verb plus a adverb | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:041-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×5. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/4/