Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up, sentence 5
Many letters, a, d, g, o and q, begin just like c, so practising a good c helps them all.
Who acts: Many letters, practising · What happens: begin, practise, help · To what, where: good c, o
This is a sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many letters, practising), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 letters | amod |
| 2 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 begin | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 d | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 d | det |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 a | punct |
| 6 | d | D | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 letters | appos |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 g | punct |
| 8 | g | G | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 letters | appos |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 o | punct |
| 10 | o | o | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 letters | appos |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 q | cc |
| 12 | q | Q | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 o | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 begin | punct |
| 14 | begin | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | just | just | ADV | _ | 17 c | advmod |
| 16 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 c | case |
| 17 | c | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 begin | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 practising | punct |
| 19 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 helps | advmod |
| 20 | practising | practise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 helps | csubj |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 c | det |
| 22 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 c | amod |
| 23 | c | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 practising | obj |
| 24 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 begin | parataxis |
| 25 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 helps | obj |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 begin | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | present | Many letters | like c | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | practise | gerund | a good c | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | help | present | practising | o | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/5/