SATs: grammar, punctuation and spelling paper, sentence 3
Some questions ask for Standard English, the form used in tests and formal writing: "we were", not the dialect "we was", which is fine at home but loses the mark here.
Who acts: questions, dialect · What happens: ask, use, be, lose · To what, where: form, tests, home, mark
This is a sentence of the lesson «SATs: grammar, punctuation and spelling paper» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (questions, dialect), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 questions | det |
| 2 | questions | question | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 ask | nsubj |
| 3 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 English | case |
| 5 | Standard | Standard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 English | compound |
| 6 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ask | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 form | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 form | det |
| 9 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 English | appos |
| 10 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 form | acl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 tests | case |
| 12 | tests | test | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 used | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 writing | cc |
| 14 | formal | formal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 writing | amod |
| 15 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 tests | conj |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 " | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 were | punct |
| 18 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 were | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ask | parataxis |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 were | punct |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 dialect | punct |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 dialect | advmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 dialect | det |
| 24 | dialect | dialect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 were | conj |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 fine | punct |
| 26 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 was | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 fine | cop |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 was | punct |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 fine | punct |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 fine | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 fine | cop |
| 32 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 dialect | acl:relcl |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 34 home | case |
| 34 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fine | obl |
| 35 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 loses | cc |
| 36 | loses | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 fine | conj |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 mark | det |
| 38 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 loses | obj |
| 39 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 loses | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ask | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | present | some questions | for Standard English | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | use | participle | the form not said here | tests and formal writing | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is | past | the dialect | home | fine property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | lose | present | the dialect not said here | the mark | here | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:052-sats-grammar-punctuation-and-spelling-paper.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/52-sats-grammar-punctuation-and-spelling-paper/3/