SATs: grammar, punctuation and spelling paper, sentence 4

Picture Ella saying "Fronted adverbials are bussin'" ("bussin'" means great): a fronted adverbial is a phrase at the start of a sentence telling when, where or how, followed by a comma, as in "After lunch, we played."

Who acts: you, Ella, Fronted adverbials, bussin, fronted adverbial, start · What happens: picture, say, front, be, mean, tell · To what, where: Ella, phrase, start, lunch, sentence · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «SATs: grammar, punctuation and spelling paper» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Ella, Fronted adverbials, bussin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Picture	picture	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	Ella	Ella	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Picture	obj
3	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 Ella	acl
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 bussin	punct
5	Fronted	front	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 adverbials	amod
6	adverbials	adverbial	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 bussin	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 bussin	cop
8	bussin	bussin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 saying	ccomp
9	'	'	PUNCT	_	8 bussin	punct
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 bussin	punct
11	(	(	PUNCT	_	16 means	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 bussin	punct
13	bussin	bussin	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 means	nsubj
14	'	'	PUNCT	_	13 bussin	punct
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 bussin	punct
16	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 bussin	parataxis
17	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 means	xcomp
18	)	)	PUNCT	_	16 means	punct
19	:	:	PUNCT	_	25 phrase	punct
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 adverbial	det
21	fronted	front	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	22 adverbial	amod
22	adverbial	adverbial	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 phrase	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 phrase	cop
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 phrase	det
25	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 saying	ccomp
26	at	at	ADP	_	28 start	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 start	det
28	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 phrase	nmod
29	of	of	ADP	_	31 sentence	case
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 sentence	det
31	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 start	nmod
32	telling	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	28 start	acl
33	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	39 followed	advmod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 where	punct
35	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	39 followed	advmod
36	or	or	CCONJ	_	39 followed	cc
37	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	39 followed	advmod
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 followed	punct
39	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	32 telling	ccomp
40	by	by	ADP	_	42 comma	case
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 comma	det
42	comma	comma	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 followed	obl
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 played	punct
44	as	as	SCONJ	_	51 played	mark
45	in	in	ADP	_	48 lunch	case
46	"	"	PUNCT	_	48 lunch	punct
47	After	after	ADP	_	48 lunch	case
48	lunch	lunch	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 played	obl
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	48 lunch	punct
50	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	51 played	nsubj
51	played	play	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 saying	ccomp
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	51 played	punct
53	"	"	PUNCT	_	51 played	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: other
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed form=imp, act=other

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	picture	imperative	you not said here	Ella			vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent ella=Theme
2	say speech: assert	gerund	Ella not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	front in a quote	participle					tree rules
4	is in a quote	present	Fronted adverbials			bussin property	tree rules
5	mean	present	bussin			great property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
6	front	participle					tree rules
7	is a	present	a fronted adverbial	a phrase	the start of a sentence		tree rules
8	tell speech: assert	gerund	the start of a sentence not said here				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
9	follow	participle				by a comma	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by comma=Location
10	play in a quote	past	we		lunch		vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
11	start			a sentence			nom start «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:052-sats-grammar-punctuation-and-spelling-paper.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/52-sats-grammar-punctuation-and-spelling-paper/4/