Putting it together: reading and writing like a writer, sentence 1

Then you borrow the tricks, not the words: a question opening, "show, don't tell" description ("her hands shook" instead of "she was scared"), and dialogue with a new line for each new speaker.

Who acts: you, question, hands, twist · What happens: borrow, open, show, not tell, shook, be · To what, where: tricks, description · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Putting it together: reading and writing like a writer» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, question, hands, twist), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 borrow	advmod
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 borrow	nsubj
3	borrow	borrow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 tricks	det
5	tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 borrow	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 words	punct
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 words	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 words	det
9	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tricks	conj
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 question	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 question	det
12	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 borrow	parataxis
13	opening	open	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 question	acl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 borrow	punct
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 show	punct
16	show	show	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 borrow	parataxis
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 tell	punct
18	do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	20 tell	aux
19	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 tell	advmod
20	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 show	parataxis
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 description	punct
22	description	description	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 tell	iobj
23	(	(	PUNCT	_	27 shook	punct
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 shook	punct
25	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 hands	nmod:poss
26	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 shook	nsubj
27	shook	shook	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 description	appos
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 shook	punct
29	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	34 scared	mark
30	of	of	ADP	_	29 instead	fixed
31	"	"	PUNCT	_	34 scared	punct
32	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 scared	nsubj
33	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	34 scared	cop
34	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 tell	advcl
35	"	"	PUNCT	_	34 scared	punct
36	)	)	PUNCT	_	20 tell	punct
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 dialogue	punct
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 dialogue	cc
39	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 show	conj
40	with	with	ADP	_	43 line	case
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	43 line	det
42	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 line	amod
43	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 dialogue	nmod
44	for	for	ADP	_	47 speaker	case
45	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	47 speaker	det
46	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	47 speaker	amod
47	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 line	nmod
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 borrow	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	borrow	present	you	the tricks and the words		then		tree rules
2	open	gerund	a question not said here					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	show in a quote	infinitive						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	not tell speech: assert in a quote	infinitive · do-support			description			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent description=Recipient
5	shook in a quote		twist's hands					tree rules
6	is in a quote	past	twist				scared property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:054-reading-and-writing-like-a-writer.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/54-reading-and-writing-like-a-writer/1/