Olympiad: riddles, lipograms and hidden words, sentence 10
A lipogram leaves out one letter on purpose; "e" is the most common letter in English, so a lipogram without "e" is the hardest.
Who acts: lipogram, e · What happens: leave out, be · To what, where: one letter, purpose, common letter, English
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: riddles, lipograms and hidden words» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lipogram, e), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lipogram | det |
| 2 | lipogram | lipogram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leaves | nsubj |
| 3 | leaves | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 leaves | compound:prt |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 letter | nummod |
| 6 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leaves | obj |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 purpose | case |
| 8 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leaves | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 letter | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 e | punct |
| 11 | e | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 letter | nsubj |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 e | punct |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 letter | cop |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 letter | det |
| 15 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 16 common | advmod |
| 16 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 letter | amod |
| 17 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leaves | parataxis |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 English | case |
| 19 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 letter | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 hardest | punct |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 hardest | advmod |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 lipogram | det |
| 23 | lipogram | lipogram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 hardest | nsubj |
| 24 | without | without | ADP | _ | 26 e | case |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 e | punct |
| 26 | e | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lipogram | nmod |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 e | punct |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 hardest | cop |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hardest | det |
| 30 | hardest | hard | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 17 letter | parataxis |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 leaves | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave out | present | a lipogram | one letter | purpose | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | present | e | the common letter | English | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is | present | a lipogram without e | hard property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:057-olympiad-riddles-lipograms-and-hidden-words.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/57-olympiad-riddles-lipograms-and-hidden-words/10/