Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 7
In Ruvan, "Pela-n mika tor" and "Mika pela-n tor" both mean the dog sees the girl, so the ending -n marks the one doing the action, wherever it stands.
Who acts: Mika, you, dog, ending, one · What happens: tor, mean, see, mark, do, stand · To what, where: Ruvan, girl, one, action · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mika, you, dog, ending), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Ruvan | case |
| 2 | Ruvan | Ruvan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 mean | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ruvan | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Pela | punct |
| 5 | Pela | Pela | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 tor | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 Pela | punct |
| 7 | n | n | ADV | _ | 9 tor | advmod |
| 8 | mika | mika | X | _ | 9 tor | compound |
| 9 | tor | tor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Ruvan | appos |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 tor | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 tor | cc |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 tor | punct |
| 13 | Mika | Mika | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 tor | nsubj |
| 14 | pela | pela | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 tor | compound |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 pela | punct |
| 16 | n | and | X | _ | 14 pela | compound |
| 17 | tor | tor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 tor | conj |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 tor | punct |
| 19 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 20 mean | cc:preconj |
| 20 | mean | mean | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 dog | det |
| 22 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 sees | nsubj |
| 23 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 mean | ccomp |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 girl | det |
| 25 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 sees | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 marks | punct |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 marks | advmod |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ending | det |
| 29 | ending | ending | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 marks | nsubj |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 ending | punct |
| 31 | n | and | X | _ | 29 ending | compound |
| 32 | marks | mark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 mean | parataxis |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 one | det |
| 34 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 marks | obj |
| 35 | doing | do | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 one | acl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 action | det |
| 37 | action | action | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 doing | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 stands | punct |
| 39 | wherever | wherever | ADV | PronType=Int | 41 stands | advmod |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 stands | nsubj |
| 41 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 one | acl:relcl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 mean | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tor in a quote | Mika | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | mean | imperative | you not said here | Ruvan | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | see | present | the dog | the girl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer girl=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | mark | present | the ending | the one | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent one=Destination | ||||
| 5 | do | gerund | the one not said here | the action | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | stand | present | dog | wherever property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/7/