Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 21
Many -f and -fe words change to -ves (leaf, leaves; knife, knives; loaf, loaves), but some just add -s (roofs, chefs).
Who acts: Many f words, some · What happens: change, add · To what, where: -s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many f words, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 words | amod |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 f | punct |
| 3 | f | f | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 words | compound |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 fe | cc |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 and | punct |
| 6 | fe | fe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 f | conj |
| 7 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 change | nsubj |
| 8 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 ves | case |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 to | punct |
| 11 | ves | ve | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 change | obl |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 leaf | punct |
| 13 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ves | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 leaves | punct |
| 15 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 leaf | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 knife | punct |
| 17 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 leaf | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 knives | punct |
| 19 | knives | knife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 leaf | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 loaf | punct |
| 21 | loaf | loaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 leaf | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 loaves | punct |
| 23 | loaves | loaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 leaf | appos |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 leaf | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 add | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 add | cc |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 29 add | nsubj |
| 28 | just | just | ADV | _ | 29 add | advmod |
| 29 | add | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 change | conj |
| 30 | -s | - | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 add | obj |
| 31 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 roofs | punct |
| 32 | roofs | roof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 -s | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 chefs | punct |
| 34 | chefs | chef | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 -s | conj |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 29 add | punct |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 change | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Many f words | to ves and leaf and leaves and knife and knives and loaf result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | present | some | -s and roofs and chefs | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/21/