Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 22
The regular past ending is always spelled -ed, whether it sounds like /t/, /d/ or /id/.
Who acts: ending · What happens: spell, sound · To what, where: regular past ending
This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ending), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ending | det |
| 2 | regular | regular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 ending | amod |
| 3 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 ending | amod |
| 4 | ending | ending | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spelled | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 spelled | aux:pass |
| 6 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 7 spelled | advmod |
| 7 | spelled | spell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 ed | punct |
| 9 | ed | ed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spelled | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sounds | punct |
| 11 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 13 sounds | mark |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 sounds | nsubj |
| 13 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 spelled | advcl |
| 14 | like | like | ADP | _ | 16 t | case |
| 15 | / | / | PUNCT | _ | 14 like | punct |
| 16 | t | t | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sounds | obl |
| 17 | / | / | PUNCT | _ | 13 sounds | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 d | punct |
| 19 | / | / | SYM | _ | 20 d | punct |
| 20 | d | d | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 t | conj |
| 21 | / | / | SYM | _ | 20 d | punct |
| 22 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 24 id | cc |
| 23 | / | / | SYM | _ | 24 id | punct |
| 24 | id | id | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 t | conj |
| 25 | / | / | PUNCT | _ | 24 id | punct |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 spelled | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spell | present · passive | the regular past ending | ed obl; always property | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | sound | present | ending | like t and d or id | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:22.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/22/