Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 23
Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cried, tried) but stays before -ing (crying, trying).
Who acts: Consonant · What happens: change, cry, try, stay · To what, where: i, ed, ing
This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Consonant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Consonant | consonant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changes | nsubj |
| 2 | + | + | SYM | _ | 3 y | cc |
| 3 | y | y | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Consonant | conj |
| 4 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 i | case |
| 6 | i | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 changes | obl |
| 7 | before | before | ADP | _ | 9 ed | case |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 ed | punct |
| 9 | ed | ed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changes | obl |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 cried | punct |
| 11 | cried | cry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 ed | acl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 tried | punct |
| 13 | tried | try | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 cried | conj |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 11 cried | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 stays | cc |
| 16 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 changes | conj |
| 17 | before | before | ADP | _ | 19 ing | case |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 ing | punct |
| 19 | ing | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stays | obl |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 crying | punct |
| 21 | crying | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 ing | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 trying | punct |
| 23 | trying | try | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 crying | conj |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 crying | punct |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 changes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Consonant + y | i | before ed | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to i=Result | |||
| 2 | cry speech: express | participle | ed not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | try | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | stay | present | Consonant + y not said here | ing | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before e=Location | ||||
| 5 | cry speech: express | gerund | Consonant + y not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | try | gerund | Consonant + y not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:23.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/23/