Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 24

Words ending in c add k before -ing and -ed, because a c before i or e says a soft /s/: panicking, picnicked.

Who acts: Words, c · What happens: end, add, say, picnic · To what, where: c, k, soft · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Words, c), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 add	nsubj
2	ending	end	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Words	acl
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 c	case
4	c	c	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ending	obl
5	add	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	k	k	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 add	obj
7	before	before	ADP	_	9 ing	case
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 ing	punct
9	ing	ing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 add	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 ed	cc
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 and	punct
12	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ing	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 says	punct
14	because	because	SCONJ	_	21 says	mark
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 c	det
16	c	c	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 says	nsubj
17	before	before	ADP	_	18 i	case
18	i	i	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 c	nmod
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 e	cc
20	e	e	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 i	conj
21	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 add	advcl
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 soft	det
23	soft	soft	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 says	obj
24	/	/	SYM	_	25 s	cc
25	s	s	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 soft	conj
26	/	/	SYM	_	28 panicking	cc
27	:	:	PUNCT	_	28 panicking	punct
28	panicking	panicking	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 soft	conj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 picnicked	punct
30	picnicked	picnic	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 soft	conj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 add	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	end	gerund	Words not said here		c		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	add speech: assert	present	Words	k		before ing and ed	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent k=Patient
3	say speech: assert	present	a c before i or e	a soft / s / panicking			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent soft=Topic
4	picnic	past	a c before i or e not said here				vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:24.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/24/