Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 28
A spelling rule works for most words; a few exceptions are learned on a short list.
Who acts: spelling rule · What happens: work, learn · To what, where: few exceptions, short list
This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spelling rule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 rule | det |
| 2 | spelling | spelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rule | compound |
| 3 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 works | nsubj |
| 4 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 words | case |
| 6 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 words | amod |
| 7 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 works | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 learned | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 exceptions | det |
| 10 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 exceptions | amod |
| 11 | exceptions | exception | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 learned | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 learned | aux:pass |
| 13 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 works | parataxis |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 list | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 list | det |
| 16 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 list | amod |
| 17 | list | list | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 learned | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 works | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | work | present | a spelling rule | for most words | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for word=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | learn | present · passive | a few exceptions | a short list | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:28.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/28/