Soft words for hard things: death and dying, sentence 2
Gangsters in films use slang such as "whacked" or "sleeping with the fishes" to talk about murder without saying the word.
Who acts: Gangsters, word · What happens: use, whack, sleep, talk, say · To what, where: slang · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: death and dying» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gangsters, word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gangsters | gangster | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 use | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 films | case |
| 3 | films | film | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Gangsters | nmod |
| 4 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | slang | slang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 use | obj |
| 6 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 slang | amod |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 9 whacked | mark |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 whacked | punct |
| 9 | whacked | whack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 slang | nmod |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 whacked | punct |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 sleeping | cc |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 sleeping | punct |
| 13 | sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 whacked | conj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 fishes | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 fishes | det |
| 16 | fishes | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 sleeping | obl |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 sleeping | punct |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 talk | mark |
| 19 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 use | advcl |
| 20 | about | about | ADP | _ | 21 murder | case |
| 21 | murder | murder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 talk | obl |
| 22 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 23 saying | mark |
| 23 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 talk | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 word | det |
| 25 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 saying | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 use | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Gangsters in films | slang | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slang=Patient | ||||
| 2 | whack in a quote | participle | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | sleep in a quote | gerund | with the fishes | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | talk | to-infinitive | Gangsters in films not said here | about murder | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about murder=Topic | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | the word | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:002-death-official-and-slang.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/2-death-official-and-slang/2/