Soft words for hard things: death and dying, sentence 3
Every country also has its own jokey words: an English person "popped his clogs", an Australian "carked it", an American "cashed in his chips".
Who acts: country, English person, Australian, American · What happens: have, pop, cark, cash in, word · To what, where: own jokey words, clogs, country, chips
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: death and dying» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country, English person, Australian, American), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 country | det |
| 2 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 has | advmod |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 words | nmod:poss |
| 6 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 words | amod |
| 7 | jokey | jokey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 words | amod |
| 8 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 has | obj |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 person | det |
| 11 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 person | amod |
| 12 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 popped | nsubj |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 popped | punct |
| 14 | popped | pop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 clogs | nmod:poss |
| 16 | clogs | clog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 popped | obj |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 popped | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 carked | punct |
| 19 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 Australian | det |
| 20 | Australian | Australian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 carked | nsubj |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 carked | punct |
| 22 | carked | cark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 popped | conj |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 carked | obj |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 carked | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 cashed | punct |
| 26 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 American | det |
| 27 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 cashed | nsubj |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 cashed | punct |
| 29 | cashed | cash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 carked | advcl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 cashed | compound:prt |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 chips | nmod:poss |
| 32 | chips | chips | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 cashed | obl |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 cashed | punct |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | every country | country's own jokey words | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | ||||
| 2 | pop in a quote | past | a English person | person's clogs | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clog=Patient | ||||
| 3 | cark in a quote | past | a Australian | country | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | cash in in a quote | participle | a American | person's chips | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | word | country | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:002-death-official-and-slang.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×6, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/2-death-official-and-slang/3/