Soft words for hard things: religion and fate and failure and mistakes, sentence 1
Many everyday phrases soften the word God, such as "goodness knows" or "for heaven's sake"; they are polite ways of saying "God knows" or "for God's sake".
Who acts: Many everyday phrases, goodness, phrases, polite ways, God · What happens: soften, know, be, say · To what, where: word, polite ways · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: religion and fate and failure and mistakes» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many everyday phrases, goodness, phrases, polite ways), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 phrases | amod |
| 2 | everyday | everyday | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 phrases | amod |
| 3 | phrases | phrase | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 soften | nsubj |
| 4 | soften | soften | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 word | det |
| 6 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 soften | obj |
| 7 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 word | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 knows | punct |
| 9 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ | 13 knows | mark |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 such | fixed |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 knows | punct |
| 12 | goodness | goodness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 knows | nsubj |
| 13 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 word | acl:relcl |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 knows | punct |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 sake | cc |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 sake | punct |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 sake | case |
| 18 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 sake | nmod:poss |
| 19 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 18 heaven | case |
| 20 | sake | sake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 knows | conj |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 sake | punct |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 ways | punct |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 ways | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 ways | cop |
| 25 | polite | polite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 ways | amod |
| 26 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 soften | parataxis |
| 27 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 28 saying | mark |
| 28 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 ways | acl |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 knows | punct |
| 30 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 knows | nsubj |
| 31 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 saying | ccomp |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 knows | punct |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 38 sake | cc |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 sake | punct |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 sake | case |
| 36 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 sake | nmod:poss |
| 37 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 36 God | case |
| 38 | sake | sake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 knows | conj |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 sake | punct |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 soften | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | soften | present | Many everyday phrases | the word | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent word=Patient | ||||
| 2 | know in a quote | present | goodness | the word not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | phrases = phrase | polite ways | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | polite ways not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | know in a quote | present | God | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:032-religion-fate-failure.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/32-religion-fate-failure/1/