Soft words for hard things: religion and fate and failure and mistakes, sentence 2
Some words are chosen to include everyone or to avoid naming one religion, like "happy holidays" instead of "Merry Christmas", or to describe someone's faith politely, like "lapsed".
What happens: choose, include, avoid, name, describe, lapse · To what, where: words, everyone, one religion, faith
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: religion and fate and failure and mistakes» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 words | det |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 chosen | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 chosen | aux:pass |
| 4 | chosen | choose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 include | mark |
| 6 | include | include | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 chosen | xcomp |
| 7 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 6 include | obj |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 avoid | cc |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 avoid | mark |
| 10 | avoid | avoid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 include | conj |
| 11 | naming | name | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 avoid | xcomp |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 religion | nummod |
| 13 | religion | religion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 naming | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 holidays | punct |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 holidays | case |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 holidays | punct |
| 17 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 holidays | amod |
| 18 | holidays | holiday | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 naming | obj |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 holidays | punct |
| 20 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=ADP | 24 Christmas | case |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 instead | fixed |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 Christmas | punct |
| 23 | Merry | Merry | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Christmas | compound |
| 24 | Christmas | Christmas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 holidays | nmod |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 Christmas | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 describe | punct |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 describe | cc |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 describe | mark |
| 29 | describe | describe | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 24 Christmas | parataxis |
| 30 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 32 faith | nmod:poss |
| 31 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 30 someone | case |
| 32 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 describe | obj |
| 33 | politely | politely | ADV | _ | 29 describe | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 lapsed | punct |
| 35 | like | like | ADP | _ | 37 lapsed | case |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 lapsed | punct |
| 37 | lapsed | lapse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 describe | obl |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 lapsed | punct |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 chosen | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | choose | present · passive | some words | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | include | to-infinitive | everyone | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Theme | |||||
| 3 | avoid | to-infinitive | vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | name | gerund | one religion | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent religion=Theme holiday=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | describe | to-infinitive | someone's faith | politely property | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent faith=Theme | ||||
| 6 | lapse in a quote | participle | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:euphemisms:032-religion-fate-failure.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/32-religion-fate-failure/2/