Tests, exams and mistakes, sentence 12
Changing a mark or forging a parent's signature (writing their name yourself and pretending they did) is dishonest, and the trouble is much bigger when it is found out.
Who acts: Changing, trouble, parent, England · What happens: change, forge, write, pretend, be, find out · To what, where: mark, signature, name
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tests, exams and mistakes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Changing, trouble, parent, England), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Changing | change | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 dishonest | csubj |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 mark | det |
| 3 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Changing | obj |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 forging | cc |
| 5 | forging | forge | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Changing | conj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 parent | det |
| 7 | parent | parent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 signature | nmod:poss |
| 8 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 7 parent | case |
| 9 | signature | signature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 forging | obj |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 writing | punct |
| 11 | writing | write | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Changing | conj |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 name | nmod:poss |
| 13 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 writing | obj |
| 14 | yourself | yourself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 11 writing | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 pretending | cc |
| 16 | pretending | pretend | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 writing | conj |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 did | nsubj |
| 18 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 pretending | ccomp |
| 19 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 11 writing | punct |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 dishonest | cop |
| 21 | dishonest | dishonest | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 bigger | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 bigger | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 trouble | det |
| 25 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bigger | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 bigger | cop |
| 27 | much | much | ADV | _ | 28 bigger | advmod |
| 28 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 dishonest | conj |
| 29 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 found | advmod |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 found | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 found | aux:pass |
| 32 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 bigger | advcl |
| 33 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 found | compound:prt |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 dishonest | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | gerund | a mark | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Patient | |||||
| 2 | forge | gerund | a parent's signature | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signature=Product | |||||
| 3 | write | gerund | England's name | yourself obl:unmarked | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme | ||||
| 4 | pretend | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | is | present | Changing | dishonest property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | present | the trouble | big property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | find out | present · passive | mark | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 8 | sign | a parent | nom signature «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | name | England | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:255-tests-exams-and-mistakes.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/255-tests-exams-and-mistakes/12/