Railway crossings, maps and addresses, sentence 0

A train is heavy and fast and needs a very long way to stop, and it is faster and closer than it looks, so at a level crossing or railroad crossing you stop when the lights flash, the bells ring or the barriers come down.

Who acts: train, it, level crossing, lights, bells, barriers · What happens: be, need, stop, look, cross, flash · To what, where: long way

This is a sentence of the lesson «Railway crossings, maps and addresses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (train, it, level crossing, lights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 train	det
2	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heavy	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavy	cop
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 fast	cc
6	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 heavy	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 needs	cc
8	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavy	conj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 way	det
10	very	very	ADV	_	11 long	advmod
11	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 way	amod
12	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 needs	obj
13	to	to	PART	_	14 stop	mark
14	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 way	acl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 faster	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 faster	cc
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 faster	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 faster	cop
19	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 heavy	conj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 closer	cc
21	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 faster	conj
22	than	than	SCONJ	_	24 looks	mark
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 looks	nsubj
24	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 faster	conj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 stop	punct
26	so	so	ADV	_	35 stop	advmod
27	at	at	ADP	_	30 crossing	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 crossing	det
29	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 crossing	compound
30	crossing	crossing	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 stop	nsubj
31	or	or	CCONJ	_	32 railroad	cc
32	railroad	railroad	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 crossing	conj
33	crossing	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	30 crossing	acl
34	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	35 stop	nsubj
35	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 looks	advcl
36	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	39 flash	advmod
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 lights	det
38	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 flash	nsubj
39	flash	flash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 stop	advcl
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 ring	punct
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 bells	det
42	bells	bell	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 ring	nsubj
43	ring	ring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavy	conj
44	or	or	CCONJ	_	47 come	cc
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 barriers	det
46	barriers	barrier	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 come	nsubj
47	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavy	conj
48	down	down	ADV	_	47 come	advmod
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 heavy	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	a train		heavy property	tree rules
2	be		a train not said here			tree rules
3	need	present	a train not said here	a long way		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot way=Theme
4	stop	to-infinitive	a train not said here	a long way not said here		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
5	is	present	train		fast property	tree rules
6	be		train not said here			tree rules
7	look	present	it			vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
8	cross	gerund	a level crossing or railroad not said here			vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	stop	present	a level crossing or railroad			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
10	flash	present	the lights			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
11	ring	present	the bells			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
12	come down	present	the barriers		down property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:275-railway-crossings-maps-and-addresses.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/275-railway-crossings-maps-and-addresses/0/