Railway crossings, maps and addresses, sentence 15

A boy in Ohio ducked under the lowered barrier at a railroad crossing because he could not see a train yet; the train came much faster than he thought and only just missed him.

Who acts: boy, train · What happens: duck, lower, not see, come, think, miss · To what, where: lowered barrier, train, boy

This is a sentence of the lesson «Railway crossings, maps and addresses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, train), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ducked	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Ohio	case
4	Ohio	Ohio	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 boy	nmod
5	ducked	duck	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	under	under	ADP	_	9 barrier	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 barrier	det
8	lowered	lower	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 barrier	amod
9	barrier	barrier	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ducked	obl
10	at	at	ADP	_	13 crossing	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 crossing	det
12	railroad	railroad	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 crossing	compound
13	crossing	crossing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 barrier	nmod
14	because	because	SCONJ	_	18 see	mark
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 see	nsubj
16	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 see	aux
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 see	advmod
18	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 ducked	advcl
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 train	det
20	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 see	obj
21	yet	yet	ADV	_	18 see	advmod
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 came	punct
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 train	det
24	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 came	nsubj
25	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 ducked	parataxis
26	much	much	ADV	_	27 faster	advmod
27	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	25 came	advmod
28	than	than	SCONJ	_	30 thought	mark
29	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 thought	nsubj
30	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 faster	advcl
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 missed	cc
32	only	only	ADV	_	34 missed	advmod
33	just	just	ADV	_	34 missed	advmod
34	missed	miss	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 came	conj
35	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 missed	obj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 ducked	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	duck	past	a boy in Ohio		the lowered barrier at a railroad crossing			vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	lower	participle						vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	not see	could	boy	a train		yet		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer train=Stimulus
4	come	past	the train				fast property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	think speech: other	past	boy					vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	miss	past	the train not said here	boy				vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:275-railway-crossings-maps-and-addresses.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/275-railway-crossings-maps-and-addresses/15/