Buses, trains and being seen, sentence 1

In the USA and Canada, a stopped school bus with flashing red lights and its stop sign arm out means traffic must stop; you cross in front of the bus, several big steps ahead where the driver can see you, and never behind it.

Who acts: stopped school bus, traffic, you, driver · What happens: stop, flash, mean, cross, see · To what, where: USA, front, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Buses, trains and being seen» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stopped school bus, traffic, you, driver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 USA	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 USA	det
3	USA	USA	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 means	obl
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 Canada	cc
5	Canada	Canada	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 USA	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 USA	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bus	det
8	stopped	stop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 bus	amod
9	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bus	compound
10	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 means	nsubj
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 lights	case
12	flashing	flash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 lights	amod
13	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 lights	amod
14	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 bus	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 arm	cc
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 arm	nmod:poss
17	stop	stop	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 arm	compound
18	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 arm	compound
19	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lights	conj
20	out	out	ADV	_	19 arm	advmod
21	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
22	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 stop	nsubj
23	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 stop	aux
24	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 means	ccomp
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 cross	punct
26	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	27 cross	nsubj
27	cross	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 means	parataxis
28	in	in	ADP	_	29 front	case
29	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cross	obl
30	of	of	ADP	_	32 bus	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 bus	det
32	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 front	nmod
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 steps	punct
34	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 steps	amod
35	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 steps	amod
36	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 front	nmod
37	ahead	ahead	ADV	_	42 see	advmod
38	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	42 see	advmod
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 driver	det
40	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 see	nsubj
41	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	42 see	aux
42	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	36 steps	acl:relcl
43	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	42 see	obj
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	48 it	punct
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	48 it	cc
46	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	48 it	advmod
47	behind	behind	ADP	_	48 it	case
48	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 front	conj
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 means	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	stop	participle					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	flash	gerund					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	mean	present	a stopped school bus with flashing red lights and its stop sign arm		the USA and Canada		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	stop	must	traffic				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
5	cross	present	you		front of the bus several big steps		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	see	can	the driver	you		ahead property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:043-buses-trains-and-being-seen.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/43-buses-trains-and-being-seen/1/