Buses, trains and being seen, sentence 3
At night a driver sees a child in dark clothes very late; reflective strips shine the headlights straight back to the driver, so a boy in Alaska walking home in winter darkness with a reflective band can be seen from far away.
Who acts: driver, reflective strips, boy · What happens: see, shine, walk · To what, where: child, dark clothes, headlights, winter darkness, boy
This is a sentence of the lesson «Buses, trains and being seen» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (driver, reflective strips, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 night | case |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sees | obl |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 driver | det |
| 4 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sees | nsubj |
| 5 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 child | det |
| 7 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sees | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 clothes | case |
| 9 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 clothes | amod |
| 10 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 7 child | nmod |
| 11 | very | very | ADV | _ | 12 late | advmod |
| 12 | late | late | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 sees | advmod |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 shine | punct |
| 14 | reflective | reflective | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 strips | amod |
| 15 | strips | strip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 shine | nsubj |
| 16 | shine | shine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 sees | parataxis |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 headlights | det |
| 18 | headlights | headlight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 shine | obj |
| 19 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 20 back | advmod |
| 20 | back | back | ADV | _ | 16 shine | advmod |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 driver | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 driver | det |
| 23 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 back | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 boy | punct |
| 25 | so | so | ADV | _ | 41 seen | advmod |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 boy | det |
| 27 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 Alaska | case |
| 29 | Alaska | Alaska | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 boy | nmod |
| 30 | walking | walk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 boy | acl |
| 31 | home | home | ADV | _ | 30 walking | advmod |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 darkness | case |
| 33 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 darkness | compound |
| 34 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 walking | obl |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 band | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 band | det |
| 37 | reflective | reflective | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 band | amod |
| 38 | band | band | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 darkness | nmod |
| 39 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 seen | aux |
| 40 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 seen | aux:pass |
| 41 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 shine | parataxis |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 44 away | case |
| 43 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 44 away | advmod |
| 44 | away | away | ADV | _ | 41 seen | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 sees | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | a driver | a child | dark clothes | night | late property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer child=Stimulus | |
| 2 | shine | present | reflective strips | the headlights | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent headlight=Theme | ||||
| 3 | walk | gerund | a boy in Alaska not said here | winter darkness with a reflective band | home property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in darkness=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | see | can · passive | a boy in Alaska | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:043-buses-trains-and-being-seen.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/43-buses-trains-and-being-seen/3/