Thinking like a lifeguard, sentence 2

Lightning usually strikes the tallest thing around, so a lone tree in a field is the worst shelter: the strike can jump from the trunk to a person or spread through the ground; a building or a hard-topped car is safe, because the car's metal body carries the current around the outside, not because of the rubber tyres.

Who acts: Lightning, lone tree, strike, building, metal body · What happens: strike, be, jump, spread, top, carry · To what, where: tallest thing, worst shelter, trunk, ground, current, outside

This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a lifeguard» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lightning, lone tree, strike, building), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strikes	nsubj
2	usually	usually	ADV	_	3 strikes	advmod
3	strikes	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 thing	det
5	tallest	tall	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 thing	amod
6	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strikes	obj
7	around	around	ADV	_	6 thing	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 shelter	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	19 shelter	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 tree	det
11	lone	lone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 tree	amod
12	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 shelter	nsubj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 field	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 field	det
15	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tree	nmod
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 shelter	cop
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 shelter	det
18	worst	bad	ADJ	Degree=Sup	19 shelter	amod
19	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strikes	parataxis
20	:	:	PUNCT	_	24 jump	punct
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 strike	det
22	strike	strike	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 jump	nsubj
23	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 jump	aux
24	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 shelter	conj
25	from	from	ADP	_	27 trunk	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 trunk	det
27	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 jump	obl
28	to	to	ADP	_	30 person	case
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 person	det
30	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 jump	obl
31	or	or	CCONJ	_	32 spread	cc
32	spread	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 jump	conj
33	through	through	ADP	_	35 ground	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 ground	det
35	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 spread	obl
36	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 building	punct
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 building	det
38	building	building	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 safe	nsubj
39	or	or	CCONJ	_	44 car	cc
40	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 car	det
41	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 topped	compound
42	-	-	PUNCT	_	41 hard	punct
43	topped	top	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	44 car	amod
44	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 building	conj
45	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	46 safe	cop
46	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 jump	advcl
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 carries	punct
48	because	because	SCONJ	_	54 carries	mark
49	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 car	det
50	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 body	nmod:poss
51	's	's	PART	_	50 car	case
52	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 body	compound
53	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 carries	nsubj
54	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 jump	advcl
55	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	56 current	det
56	current	current	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 carries	obj
57	around	around	ADP	_	59 outside	case
58	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	59 outside	det
59	outside	outside	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 carries	obl
60	,	,	PUNCT	_	66 tyres	punct
61	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	66 tyres	advmod
62	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	66 tyres	case
63	of	of	ADP	_	62 because	fixed
64	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	66 tyres	det
65	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	66 tyres	compound
66	tyres	tyre	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 jump	obl
67	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 strikes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	strike	present	Lightning	the tallest thing		usually property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient
2	is a	present	a lone tree in a field	the worst shelter			tree rules
3	jump	can	the strike		the trunk	to a person result; because the rubber tyres	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from trunk=Initial_State to person=Result
4	spread	infinitive	the strike not said here		the ground		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through ground=Location
5	top	participle					vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
6	is	present	a building or a topped car			safe property	tree rules
7	carry	present	the car's metal body	the current	the outside		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent current=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:050-thinking-about-outdoor-safety.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/50-thinking-about-outdoor-safety/2/