Germs, sneezes and dressing for the weather, sentence 0
Colds and flu are caused by viruses, tiny germs that travel in the drops we sneeze and cough out and in our spit, and then sit on hands and on the things we touch.
Who acts: viruses, tiny germs, we · What happens: cause, travel, sneeze, cough out, sit, touch · To what, where: Colds, drops, hands, things
This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, sneezes and dressing for the weather» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (viruses, tiny germs, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Colds | cold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 flu | cc |
| 3 | flu | flu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Colds | conj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 caused | aux:pass |
| 5 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 viruses | case |
| 7 | viruses | virus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 caused | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 germs | punct |
| 9 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 germs | amod |
| 10 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 viruses | appos |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 travel | nsubj |
| 12 | travel | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 germs | acl:relcl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 drops | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 drops | det |
| 15 | drops | drop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 travel | obl |
| 16 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 sneeze | nsubj |
| 17 | sneeze | sneeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 drops | acl:relcl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 cough | cc |
| 19 | cough | cough | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 sneeze | conj |
| 20 | out | out | ADP | _ | 19 cough | compound:prt |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 spit | cc |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 spit | case |
| 23 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 spit | nmod:poss |
| 24 | spit | spit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cough | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 sit | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 sit | cc |
| 27 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 28 sit | advmod |
| 28 | sit | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 caused | conj |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 hands | case |
| 30 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 sit | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 things | cc |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 things | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 things | det |
| 34 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 hands | conj |
| 35 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 touch | nsubj |
| 36 | touch | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 things | acl:relcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present · passive | viruses | Colds and flu | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | travel | present | tiny germs | the drops | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in drop=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | sneeze | present | we | the drops not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | cough out | present | we not said here | in our spit | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in spit=Theme | ||||
| 5 | sit | present | viruses not said here | hands and the things | then | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hand=Location | |||
| 6 | touch | present | we | the things not said here | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme thing=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:079-germs-sneezes-and-dressing-for-the-weather.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/79-germs-sneezes-and-dressing-for-the-weather/0/