Sun, cold and growing up, sentence 2
Between about 8 and 14, the body starts to change from a child's body to an adult's; this is called puberty, it is caused by hormones, and it happens at a different time for everyone.
Who acts: body, hormones, it · What happens: start, change, call, cause, happen · To what, where: body, this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sun, cold and growing up» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (body, hormones, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Between | between | ADP | _ | 3 8 | case |
| 2 | about | about | ADV | _ | 3 8 | advmod |
| 3 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 starts | obl |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 14 | cc |
| 5 | 14 | 14 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 8 | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 8 | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 body | det |
| 8 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 starts | nsubj |
| 9 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 change | mark |
| 11 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 starts | xcomp |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 body | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 child | det |
| 14 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 body | nmod:poss |
| 15 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 14 child | case |
| 16 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 change | obl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 adult | case |
| 18 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 adult | det |
| 19 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 change | obl |
| 20 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 19 adult | case |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 called | punct |
| 22 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 called | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 called | aux:pass |
| 24 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 starts | parataxis |
| 25 | puberty | puberty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 called | xcomp |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 caused | punct |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 caused | aux:pass |
| 29 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 starts | conj |
| 30 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 hormones | case |
| 31 | hormones | hormone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 caused | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 happens | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 happens | cc |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 happens | nsubj |
| 35 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 caused | conj |
| 36 | at | at | ADP | _ | 39 time | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 time | det |
| 38 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 time | amod |
| 39 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 happens | obl |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 41 everyone | case |
| 41 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 39 time | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 starts | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | present | the body | between 8 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | change | to-infinitive | the body not said here | a child's body | to a adult result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from body=Initial_State to adult=Result | |||
| 3 | call | present · passive | this | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | cause | present · passive | hormones | body | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | happen | present | it | time | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:everyday:086-sun-cold-and-growing-up.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/86-sun-cold-and-growing-up/2/