Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 1
Think of the end of a French word as a sleepy tail: s, t, d, x and z there usually stay asleep, so Paris sounds like "pa-REE" and petit like "puh-TEE".
Who acts: you, Paris · What happens: think, stay, sound · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Paris), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Think | think | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 end | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 end | det |
| 4 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Think | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 word | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 word | det |
| 7 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 word | amod |
| 8 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 end | nmod |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 tail | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 tail | det |
| 11 | sleepy | sleepy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 tail | amod |
| 12 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Think | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 t | punct |
| 14 | s | 's | PART | Typo=Yes | 13 : | case |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 t | punct |
| 16 | t | t | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 tail | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 d | punct |
| 18 | d | d | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 t | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 x | punct |
| 20 | x | x | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 t | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 z | cc |
| 22 | z | z | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 x | conj |
| 23 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 1 Think | advmod |
| 24 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 25 stay | advmod |
| 25 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Think | ccomp |
| 26 | asleep | asleep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 stay | xcomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 sounds | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 sounds | advmod |
| 29 | Paris | Paris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 sounds | nsubj |
| 30 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 stay | advcl |
| 31 | like | like | ADP | _ | 35 REE | case |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 REE | punct |
| 33 | pa | pa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 REE | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 REE | punct |
| 35 | REE | ree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 sounds | obl |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 REE | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 petit | cc |
| 38 | petit | petit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 REE | conj |
| 39 | like | like | ADP | _ | 43 TEE | case |
| 40 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 TEE | punct |
| 41 | puh | puh | INTJ | _ | 43 TEE | discourse |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 TEE | punct |
| 43 | TEE | tee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 REE | nmod |
| 44 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 TEE | punct |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Think | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- suggest
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=suggest
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | imperative | you not said here | there | of the end of a French word | as a sleepy tail | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||
| 2 | stay | infinitive | asleep, usually property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | sound | present | Paris | like pa REE like TEE and petit | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/1/