Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 2
A few end letters are usually awake, and the word CaReFuL helps you remember them: c, r, f and l, as in sac, bonjour, neuf and avril.
Who acts: few end letters, word, you · What happens: be, help, remember · To what, where: you, letters
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (few end letters, word, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 letters | det |
| 2 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 letters | amod |
| 3 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 letters | compound |
| 4 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 awake | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 awake | cop |
| 6 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 7 awake | advmod |
| 7 | awake | awake | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 helps | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 helps | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 word | det |
| 11 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 helps | nsubj |
| 12 | CaReFuL | careful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 word | appos |
| 13 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 awake | conj |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 helps | obj |
| 15 | remember | remember | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 helps | xcomp |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 remember | obj |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 c | punct |
| 18 | c | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 remember | ccomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 r | punct |
| 20 | r | r | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 c | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 f | punct |
| 22 | f | f | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 r | appos |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 l | cc |
| 24 | l | l | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 f | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 sac | punct |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 28 sac | case |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 sac | case |
| 28 | sac | sac | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 remember | parataxis |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 bonjour | punct |
| 30 | bonjour | bonjour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sac | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 neuf | punct |
| 32 | neuf | neuf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sac | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 avril | cc |
| 34 | avril | avril | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 neuf | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 awake | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a few end letters | awake, usually property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | help | present | the word | you | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | remember | infinitive | you not said here | letters = letter | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/2/