Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 11
The letter h is never breathed out in French: hôtel sounds like "oh-TEL", hôpital (hospital) like "o-pee-TAL" and homme (man) like "om".
Who acts: hôtel · What happens: not breathe out, sound · To what, where: letter, French
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hôtel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 letter | det |
| 2 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 breathed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | h | h | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 breathed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 breathed | aux:pass |
| 5 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 6 breathed | advmod |
| 6 | breathed | breathe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | out | out | ADP | _ | 6 breathed | compound:prt |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 French | case |
| 9 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 breathed | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 sounds | punct |
| 11 | hôtel | hôtel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sounds | nsubj |
| 12 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 breathed | parataxis |
| 13 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 TEL | case |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 TEL | punct |
| 15 | oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 17 TEL | discourse |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 oh | punct |
| 17 | TEL | tel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sounds | obl |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 TEL | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 hôpital | punct |
| 20 | hôpital | hôpital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 TEL | appos |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 hospital | punct |
| 22 | hospital | hospital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hôpital | appos |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 hospital | punct |
| 24 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 TAL | case |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 TAL | punct |
| 26 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 30 TAL | case |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 o | punct |
| 28 | pee | pee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 TAL | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 TAL | punct |
| 30 | TAL | TAL | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 hôpital | obl |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 TAL | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 homme | cc |
| 33 | homme | homme | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 TAL | conj |
| 34 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 35 man | punct |
| 35 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 homme | appos |
| 36 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 35 man | punct |
| 37 | like | like | ADP | _ | 39 om | case |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 om | punct |
| 39 | om | om | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 homme | nmod |
| 40 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 om | punct |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 breathed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not breathe out | present · passive | the letter | French | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | sound | present | hôtel | like TEL | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/11/