Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 10
et means "and" and sounds like "ay"; its t is always silent: un chat et un chien (a cat and a dog).
Who acts: et, t · What happens: mean, sound, be
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (et, t), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | et | et | X | Foreign=Yes | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 " | punct |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 " | cc |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 means | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 sounds | cc |
| 7 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 means | conj |
| 8 | like | like | ADP | _ | 10 ay | case |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 ay | punct |
| 10 | ay | ay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sounds | obl |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 ay | punct |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 silent | punct |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 t | nmod:poss |
| 14 | t | t | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 silent | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 silent | cop |
| 16 | always | always | ADV | _ | 17 silent | advmod |
| 17 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 means | conj |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 chien | punct |
| 19 | un | un | X | Foreign=Yes | 20 chat | compound |
| 20 | chat | chat | X | Foreign=Yes | 21 et | compound |
| 21 | et | et | X | Foreign=Yes | 23 chien | compound |
| 22 | un | un | X | Foreign=Yes | 23 chien | compound |
| 23 | chien | chien | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 means | conj |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 cat | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 cat | det |
| 26 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 chien | appos |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 dog | cc |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 dog | det |
| 29 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 cat | conj |
| 30 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 cat | punct |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | et | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | sound | present | et not said here | like ay | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is | present | ay's t | always, silent property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/10/