Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 7
petit means small and sounds like "puh-TEE"; the final t is silent and the first e is a soft "uh".
Who acts: petit, final t, first e · What happens: mean, sound, be · To what, where: small
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (petit, final t, first e), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | petit | petit | X | Foreign=Yes | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 means | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 sounds | cc |
| 5 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 means | conj |
| 6 | like | like | ADP | _ | 10 TEE | case |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 TEE | punct |
| 8 | puh | puh | INTJ | _ | 10 TEE | discourse |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 puh | punct |
| 10 | TEE | tee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sounds | obl |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 TEE | punct |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 silent | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 t | det |
| 14 | final | final | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 t | amod |
| 15 | t | t | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 silent | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 silent | cop |
| 17 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 means | parataxis |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 e | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 e | det |
| 20 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumType=Ord | 21 e | amod |
| 21 | e | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 soft | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 soft | cop |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 soft | det |
| 24 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 means | conj |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 uh | punct |
| 26 | uh | uh | INTJ | _ | 24 soft | discourse |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 uh | punct |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 means | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | petit | small | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent small=Topic | ||||
| 2 | sound | present | petit not said here | like TEE | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the final t | silent property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the first e | soft property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/7/