Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes, sentence 8
The memory word CaReFuL: a final c, r, f or l is usually said, as in sac ("sack"), bonjour ("bon-ZHOOR"), neuf ("nuhf", nine) and avril ("a-VREEL", April).
What happens: say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 word | det |
| 2 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 word | compound |
| 3 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | CaReFuL | careful | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 word | appos |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 c | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 c | det |
| 7 | final | final | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 c | amod |
| 8 | c | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 word | appos |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 r | punct |
| 10 | r | r | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 c | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 f | punct |
| 12 | f | f | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 c | conj |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 l | cc |
| 14 | l | l | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 f | conj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 said | aux:pass |
| 16 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 17 said | advmod |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 word | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 sac | punct |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 sac | case |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 as | fixed |
| 21 | sac | sac | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 said | obl |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 24 sack | punct |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 sack | punct |
| 24 | sack | sack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sac | appos |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 sack | punct |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 sack | punct |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 bonjour | punct |
| 28 | bonjour | bonjour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sack | conj |
| 29 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 33 ZHOOR | punct |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 ZHOOR | punct |
| 31 | bon | bon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 ZHOOR | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 ZHOOR | punct |
| 33 | ZHOOR | zhoor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bonjour | appos |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 ZHOOR | punct |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 33 ZHOOR | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 neuf | punct |
| 37 | neuf | neuf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sack | conj |
| 38 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 40 nuhf | punct |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 nuhf | punct |
| 40 | nuhf | nuhf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 neuf | appos |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 nuhf | punct |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 nine | punct |
| 43 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 neuf | appos |
| 44 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 sack | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 avril | cc |
| 46 | avril | avril | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 sac | conj |
| 47 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 51 VREEL | punct |
| 48 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 51 VREEL | punct |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 VREEL | det |
| 50 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 a | punct |
| 51 | VREEL | VREEL | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 avril | appos |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 51 VREEL | punct |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 April | punct |
| 54 | April | April | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 VREEL | flat |
| 55 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 51 VREEL | punct |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 word | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present · passive | as sac and avril; usually property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:001-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/8/