Weather and seasons, sentence 1
Some weather has its own little verb: il pleut (it's raining) and il neige (it's snowing); and for things you see in the sky you use il y a, "there is": il y a des nuages (it's cloudy).
Who acts: weather, it, you, il · What happens: have, rain, snow, see, use, be · To what, where: own little verb, things, sky, il, nuages · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather and seasons» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weather, it, you, il), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 weather | det |
| 2 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 verb | nmod:poss |
| 5 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 verb | amod |
| 6 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 verb | amod |
| 7 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 il | punct |
| 9 | il | il | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 verb | appos |
| 10 | pleut | pleut | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 il | flat |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 14 raining | punct |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 raining | nsubj |
| 13 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 raining | aux |
| 14 | raining | rain | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 pleut | parataxis |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 14 raining | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 neige | cc |
| 17 | il | il | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 neige | compound |
| 18 | neige | neige | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 raining | conj |
| 19 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 snowing | punct |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 snowing | nsubj |
| 21 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 snowing | aux |
| 22 | snowing | snow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 raining | parataxis |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 snowing | punct |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 use | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 use | cc |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 things | case |
| 27 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 use | obl |
| 28 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 29 see | nsubj |
| 29 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 things | acl:relcl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 sky | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 sky | det |
| 32 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 see | obl |
| 33 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 use | nsubj |
| 34 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 35 | il | il | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 use | obj |
| 36 | y | y | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 a | advmod |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 use | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 is | punct |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 is | punct |
| 40 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 41 is | expl |
| 41 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 use | parataxis |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 y | punct |
| 43 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 44 il | punct |
| 44 | il | il | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 y | nsubj |
| 45 | y | y | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 is | parataxis |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 nuages | det |
| 47 | des | des | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 nuages | det |
| 48 | nuages | nuage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 y | obj |
| 49 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 52 cloudy | punct |
| 50 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 cloudy | nsubj |
| 51 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 cloudy | cop |
| 52 | cloudy | cloudy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 nuages | parataxis |
| 53 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 52 cloudy | punct |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | some weather | weather's own little verb | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verb=Patient | ||||
| 2 | rain | present · progressive | it | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | |||||
| 3 | snow | present · progressive | it | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | |||||
| 4 | see | present | you | things not said here | the sky | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | use | present | you | il | for things | tree rules | |||
| 6 | be in a quote | present | there | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | y | past | il | a nuages | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | is | present | weather | cloudy property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:013-weather-and-seasons.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/13-weather-and-seasons/1/