Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r and u, sentence 5
Some letter pairs have fixed sounds: ch says "sh", j says the "zh" in "measure", qu says "k" and th says "t", so le chat (the cat) is "luh SHA".
Who acts: letter pairs, ch, j, qu, th, le chat · What happens: have, say, be · To what, where: fixed sounds, sh, zh, measure, k, t · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Funny French sounds: nasal vowels, the French r and u» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (letter pairs, ch, j, qu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 pairs | det |
| 2 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pairs | compound |
| 3 | pairs | pair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | fixed | fix | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 sounds | amod |
| 6 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | obj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 says | punct |
| 8 | ch | ch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 says | nsubj |
| 9 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | parataxis |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 sh | punct |
| 11 | sh | sh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 says | obj |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 sh | punct |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 says | punct |
| 14 | j | J | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 says | nsubj |
| 15 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 says | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 zh | det |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 zh | punct |
| 18 | zh | zh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 says | obj |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 zh | punct |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 measure | case |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 measure | punct |
| 22 | measure | measure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 zh | nmod |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 measure | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 says | punct |
| 25 | qu | qu | NOUN | Abbr=Yes Number=Plur | 26 says | nsubj |
| 26 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 says | conj |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 k | punct |
| 28 | k | k | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 says | obj |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 k | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 says | cc |
| 31 | th | th | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 says | nsubj |
| 32 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 says | conj |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 t | punct |
| 34 | t | t | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 says | obj |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 t | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 chat | punct |
| 37 | so | so | ADV | _ | 47 SHA | advmod |
| 38 | le | Le | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 chat | compound |
| 39 | chat | chat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 SHA | nsubj |
| 40 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 42 cat | punct |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 cat | det |
| 42 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 chat | appos |
| 43 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 42 cat | punct |
| 44 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 SHA | cop |
| 45 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 47 SHA | punct |
| 46 | luh | luh | INTJ | _ | 47 SHA | discourse |
| 47 | SHA | SHA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 says | advcl |
| 48 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 47 SHA | punct |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | some letter pairs | fixed sounds | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | ch | sh | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sh=Topic | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | j | the zh | measure | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent zh=Theme in measure=Manner | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | qu | k | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent k=Topic | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | present | th | t | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent t=Topic | ||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | le chat | SHA | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:002-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/2-funny-french-sounds-nasal-vowels-the-french-r-and-u/5/