In the classroom, sentence 4
Saying Je ne comprends pas (I don't understand) is smart, not silly: every language learner needs it, together with Comment dit-on... en français ? (How do you say... in French?).
Who acts: Je, I, Saying, language learner, you · What happens: say, comprend, not understand, be, not be, need · To what, where: main, French · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «In the classroom» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Je, I, Saying, language learner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 smart | csubj |
| 2 | Je | Je | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 comprends | nsubj |
| 3 | ne | ne | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 comprends | advmod |
| 4 | comprends | comprend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Saying | ccomp |
| 5 | pas | pas | ADV | _ | 4 comprends | advmod |
| 6 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 understand | punct |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 understand | nsubj |
| 8 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 understand | aux |
| 9 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 understand | advmod |
| 10 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 comprends | parataxis |
| 11 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 understand | punct |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 smart | cop |
| 13 | smart | smart | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 silly | punct |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 silly | advmod |
| 16 | silly | silly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 smart | conj |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 needs | punct |
| 18 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 learner | det |
| 19 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 learner | compound |
| 20 | learner | learner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 needs | nsubj |
| 21 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 smart | parataxis |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 needs | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 dit | punct |
| 24 | together | together | ADV | _ | 27 dit | advmod |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 dit | case |
| 26 | Comment | comment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dit | compound |
| 27 | dit | dit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 needs | obl |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 en | punct |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 en | case |
| 30 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 31 en | punct |
| 31 | en | en | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dit | conj |
| 32 | français | français | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 en | appos |
| 33 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 27 dit | punct |
| 34 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 38 say | punct |
| 35 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 38 say | advmod |
| 36 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 say | aux |
| 37 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 38 say | nsubj |
| 38 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 needs | parataxis |
| 39 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 41 French | punct |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 French | case |
| 41 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 say | obl |
| 42 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 38 say | punct |
| 43 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 38 say | punct |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 smart | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | gerund | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 2 | comprend | present | Je | pas property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not understand | present · do-support | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is | present | Saying | smart property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not be | Saying not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | need | present | every language learner | main | with Comment dit and en | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot it=Theme | |||
| 7 | say speech: assert | present · do-support | you | French | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in french=Manner |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:020-in-the-classroom.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/20-in-the-classroom/4/