Être: to be, sentence 5
Some things English says with "to be" use avoir in French: you have hunger, thirst and years, so "I am hungry" is j'ai faim and "I am nine" is j'ai neuf ans.
Who acts: English, things, you, avoir · What happens: say, be, have · To what, where: things, hunger, j'ai faim, nine, nine neuf ans · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, things, you, avoir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 things | det |
| 2 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 use | nsubj |
| 3 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 things | acl:relcl |
| 5 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 10 use | mark |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 use | punct |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 be | mark |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 use | cop |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 use | punct |
| 10 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 11 | avoir | avoir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 faim | nsubj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 French | case |
| 13 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 avoir | nmod |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 have | punct |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 have | nsubj |
| 16 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 avoir | conj |
| 17 | hunger | hunger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 have | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 thirst | punct |
| 19 | thirst | thirst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hunger | conj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 years | cc |
| 21 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 hunger | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 hungry | punct |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 hungry | advmod |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 hungry | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 hungry | nsubj |
| 26 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 hungry | cop |
| 27 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 avoir | conj |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 hungry | punct |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 faim | cop |
| 30 | j'ai | j'ai | X | _ | 31 faim | compound |
| 31 | faim | faim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 use | obj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 ans | cc |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 nine | punct |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 nine | nsubj |
| 35 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 nine | cop |
| 36 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 41 ans | nummod |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 nine | punct |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 ans | cop |
| 39 | j'ai | j'ai | X | Foreign=Yes | 41 ans | cc |
| 40 | neuf | neuf | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 ans | amod |
| 41 | ans | an | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 faim | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 use | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | English | some things not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is | infinitive | some things | use property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have | present | you | hunger and thirst and years | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunger=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | English | hungry property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | avoir in French | j'ai faim and nine neuf ans | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | English | nine | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | is a | present | avoir in French not said here | nine neuf ans | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/5/