Avoir: to have, sentence 1
French uses avoir for lots of things English says with "to be": you have hunger (j'ai faim), thirst (j'ai soif), fear (j'ai peur) and years (j'ai dix ans).
Who acts: French, English, you · What happens: use, say, be, have · To what, where: avoir, things, hunger · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French, English, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 uses | nsubj |
| 2 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | avoir | avoir | X | _ | 2 uses | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 lots | case |
| 5 | lots | lot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 uses | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 things | case |
| 7 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 lots | nmod |
| 8 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 says | nsubj |
| 9 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 things | acl:relcl |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 be | case |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 be | punct |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 be | mark |
| 13 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 says | obl |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 be | punct |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 have | punct |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 have | nsubj |
| 17 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 uses | parataxis |
| 18 | hunger | hunger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 have | obj |
| 19 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 j'ai | punct |
| 20 | j'ai | j'ai | X | _ | 21 faim | compound |
| 21 | faim | faim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 have | xcomp |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 faim | punct |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 thirst | punct |
| 24 | thirst | thirst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 hunger | conj |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 27 soif | punct |
| 26 | j'ai | j'ai | X | _ | 27 soif | compound |
| 27 | soif | soif | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 faim | appos |
| 28 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 27 soif | punct |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 fear | punct |
| 30 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 faim | conj |
| 31 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 j'ai | punct |
| 32 | j'ai | j'ai | X | _ | 33 peur | compound |
| 33 | peur | peur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 fear | appos |
| 34 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 33 peur | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 years | cc |
| 36 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 faim | conj |
| 37 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 38 j'ai | punct |
| 38 | j'ai | j'ai | X | Foreign=Yes | 40 ans | compound |
| 39 | dix | dix | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 40 ans | nummod |
| 40 | ans | an | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 years | appos |
| 41 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 40 ans | punct |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 uses | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | French | avoir | for lots of things | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent avoir=Theme for lot=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | English | things not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic | ||||
| 3 | be in a quote | to-infinitive | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | have | present | you | hunger and thirst | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunger=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/1/