English words that came from French, sentence 2
Picture a farm in 1100: the English-speaking farmer looks after a cow, a pig and a sheep, but when the meat reaches the French-speaking lord's table it is called beef, pork and mutton - from French bœuf, porc and mouton.
Who acts: you, speaking farmer, meat · What happens: picture, speak, look, reach, call · To what, where: farm, 1100, table, meat, French bœuf · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «English words that came from French» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, speaking farmer, meat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 farm | det |
| 3 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 1100 | case |
| 5 | 1100 | 1100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 farm | nmod |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 farmer | det |
| 8 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 speaking | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 English | punct |
| 10 | speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 farmer | amod |
| 11 | farmer | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 looks | nsubj |
| 12 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 13 | after | after | ADP | _ | 15 cow | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 cow | det |
| 15 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 looks | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 pig | punct |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 pig | det |
| 18 | pig | pig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cow | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 sheep | cc |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 sheep | det |
| 21 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cow | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 reaches | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 37 called | cc |
| 24 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Rel | 27 reaches | advmod |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 meat | det |
| 26 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 reaches | nsubj |
| 27 | reaches | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 called | advcl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 lord | det |
| 29 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 lord | amod |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 French | punct |
| 31 | speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 lord | amod |
| 32 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 table | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 lord | case |
| 34 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 reaches | obj |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 called | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 called | aux:pass |
| 37 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 looks | conj |
| 38 | beef | beef | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 called | xcomp |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 pork | punct |
| 40 | pork | pork | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 beef | conj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 mutton | cc |
| 42 | mutton | mutton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 beef | conj |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 46 bœuf | punct |
| 44 | from | from | ADP | _ | 46 bœuf | case |
| 45 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 bœuf | amod |
| 46 | bœuf | bœuf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 called | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 porc | punct |
| 48 | porc | porc | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 bœuf | conj |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 mouton | cc |
| 50 | mouton | mouton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 porc | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | a farm | 1100 | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent farm=Theme | |||
| 2 | speak speech: other | gerund | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | look | present | the speaking farmer | after a cow and a pig and a sheep | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | reach | present | the meat | the French speaking lord's table | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent table=Theme | ||||
| 5 | speak speech: other | gerund | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | call | present · passive | meat | French bœuf and porc and mouton | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from bœuf=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:french:036-english-words-that-came-from-french.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/2/