Deserts, sentence 2
Many great deserts lie in belts about 30 degrees north and south of the equator, where air that has already dropped its rain over the tropics sinks and warms, so clouds cannot form.
Who acts: Many great deserts, air, clouds, desert · What happens: lie, drop, sink, warm, not form, rain · To what, where: 30 degrees, belts, rain, tropics
This is a sentence of the lesson «Deserts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many great deserts, air, clouds, desert), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 deserts | amod |
| 2 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 deserts | amod |
| 3 | deserts | desert | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lie | nsubj |
| 4 | lie | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 belts | case |
| 6 | belts | belt | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lie | obl |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 30 | advmod |
| 8 | 30 | 30 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 degrees | nummod |
| 9 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lie | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | north | north | ADV | _ | 4 lie | advmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 south | cc |
| 12 | south | south | ADV | _ | 10 north | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 equator | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 equator | det |
| 15 | equator | equator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 north | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 air | punct |
| 17 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 18 air | advmod |
| 18 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sinks | nsubj |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 dropped | nsubj |
| 20 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 dropped | aux |
| 21 | already | already | ADV | _ | 22 dropped | advmod |
| 22 | dropped | drop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 air | acl:relcl |
| 23 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 rain | nmod:poss |
| 24 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dropped | obj |
| 25 | over | over | ADP | _ | 27 tropics | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 tropics | det |
| 27 | tropics | tropic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dropped | obl |
| 28 | sinks | sink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 equator | acl:relcl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 warms | cc |
| 30 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 sinks | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 form | punct |
| 32 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 36 form | mark |
| 33 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 form | nsubj |
| 34 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 form | aux |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 form | advmod |
| 36 | form | form | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 lie | advcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lie | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie | present | Many great deserts | 30 degrees | belts | north property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in belt=Location | ||
| 2 | drop | present · perfect | air | desert's rain | the tropics | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rain=Theme over tropic=Destination | |||
| 3 | sink | present | air | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | warm | present | air not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | not form | can | clouds | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | rain | desert | nom rain «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:018-deserts.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/2/