Directions, latitude and longitude, sentence 2
Latitude was easy for sailors: the higher the Pole Star stands in the sky, the further north you are, a trick Portuguese captains used as they crept down Africa's coast.
Who acts: Latitude, higher Pole Star, Portuguese captains · What happens: be, stand, use, creep down · To what, where: sky, Portuguese captains, trick, coast
This is a sentence of the lesson «Directions, latitude and longitude» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Latitude, higher Pole Star, Portuguese captains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Latitude | latitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 easy | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 easy | cop |
| 3 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 sailors | case |
| 5 | sailors | sailor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 easy | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 stands | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Star | det |
| 8 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 11 Star | amod |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Star | det |
| 10 | Pole | Pole | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Star | compound |
| 11 | Star | Star | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 stands | nsubj |
| 12 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 easy | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 sky | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 sky | det |
| 15 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 stands | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 north | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 north | det |
| 18 | further | further | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 north | amod |
| 19 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 easy | conj |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 north | nmod |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 captains | cop |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 trick | punct |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 trick | det |
| 24 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 easy | parataxis |
| 25 | Portuguese | portuguese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 captains | amod |
| 26 | captains | captain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 used | nsubj |
| 27 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 trick | acl:relcl |
| 28 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 30 crept | mark |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 crept | nsubj |
| 30 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 used | advcl |
| 31 | down | down | ADV | _ | 30 crept | advmod |
| 32 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 coast | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 Africa | case |
| 34 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 crept | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Latitude | for sailors; easy property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stand | present | the higher Pole Star | the sky | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sky=Location | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | Portuguese captains | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | use | past | Portuguese captains | a trick not said here | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Patient | ||||
| 5 | creep down | past | latitude | Africa's coast | down property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:002-directions-latitude-and-longitude.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/2/